Search results for "Clean technology"
showing 10 items of 10 documents
Analysis of the possibility of using stainless steel and copper boride alloy as catalyst for microbial fuel cell fuel electrode= Analiza możliwości z…
2015
wytwarzania energii elektrycznej z substancji odpadowych, jak i technologii oczyszczania ścieków. Ogniwa te charakteryzują się niskimi kosztami inwestycyjnymi. Ze względu na znakomite własności katalityczne, w wysokowydajnych ogniwach paliwowych (np. wodorowo-tlenowych), jako katalizator stosowana jest platyna. Jednak koszt platyny praktycznie uniemożliwia stosowanie jej w MFC. Z tego względu należy poszukiwać innych katalizatorów nie zawierających metali szlachetnych. W mikrobiologicznych ogniwach paliwowych najczęściej stosuje się elektrody grafitowe. Praca przedstawia analizę możliwości wykorzystania stali nierdzewnej oraz stopu Cu-B jako katalizatora elektrody paliwowej w mikrobiologicz…
La elección del momento oportuno de la política ambiental en un mercado duopolístico
2015
[EN] In this paper the strategic use of innovation by two polluting firms to influence environ-mental policy is evaluated. The analysis is carried out by comparing two alternative policy regimes for two policy instruments: Taxes and standards. The first of the regimes assumes that the regulator commits to an ex-ante level of the policy instrument. In the second one, there is no commitment. The results show that when there is no commitment and a tax is used to control emissions, the strategic behavior of firms can be welfare improving if the efficiency of the clean technology is relatively low. If this is not the case, the strategic behavior of the duopolists has a detrimental effect on welf…
Emission Taxes, Feed-in Subsidies and the Investment in a Clean Technology by a Polluting Monopoly
2019
The paper studies the use of emission taxes and feed-in subsidies for the regulation of a monopoly that can produce the same good with a technology that employs a polluting input and a clean technology. The second-best tax and subsidy are calculated solving a two-stage policy game between the regulator and the monopoly with the regulator acting as the leader of the game. We find that the second-best tax rate is the Pigouvian tax. The tax implements the efficient level of the dirty output but does not affect the total output. On the other hand, the subsidy leads to the monopoly to reduce the dirty output but also to increase the total output. This increase in total output may yield a larger …
Possibility of using NiCo2O4 alloy as catalyst for fuel electrode of hydrazine fuel cell
2017
Szerokie stosowanie ogniw paliwowych ograniczone jest głównie wykorzystywaniem drogich katalizatorów. Wyeliminowanie platyny umożliwiłoby szeroką komercjalizację tych ogniw. Artykuł przedstawia analizę elektroutleniania hydrazyny na katalizatorze NiCo2O4. Jako elektrolit wykorzystano wodny roztwór KOH. Pomiarów dokonano potencjostatem. Wykazano możliwość elektroutleniania hydrazyny na katalizatorze NiCo2O4. W każdym przypadku (dla wszystkich stężeń hydrazyny i udziałów Co) proces elektroutleniania zachodził. Gęstość prądu wynosiła 15–35 mA/cm2 dla wszystkich koncentracji hydrazyny i elektrolitu. Gęstość prądu jest niewielka, jednak koszt uzyskania katalizatora jest znacznie niższy od kosztó…
Microbial fuel cell with Ni-Co cathode
2017
Wraz ze wzrostem poziomu życia wzrasta zarówno zużycie energii, jak i ilość ścieków. Istnieje jednak możliwość produkcji energii z jednoczesnym oczyszczaniem ścieków. Urządzeniem, które może zrealizować to zadanie jest mikrobiologiczne ogniwo paliwowe. W ogniwach tego typu bakterie osadu czynnego wykorzystane są do produkcji energii podczas oczyszczania ścieków. Jednym z ograniczeń tego rozwiązania jest niska gęstość uzyskiwanego prądu. Możliwe jest jednak podwyższenie tego parametru przy wykorzystaniu odpowiedniego katalizatora elektrod. W artykule przedstawiono możliwość wykorzystania stopu Ni-Co jako katalizatora katody. Badania obejmowały przygotowanie elektrody oraz porównanie zmian st…
Liquid Structure of Trihexyltetradecylphosphonium Chloride at Ambient Temperature: An X-ray Scattering and Simulation Study
2009
We report on an experimental and simulation study done on a representative room temperature ionic liquid, namely tetradecyltrihexylphosphonium chloride, at ambient conditions. The study was conducted using small and wide angle X-ray scattering and molecular dynamics simulations. Both approaches converge in indicating that this material is characterized by the existence of strong P-Cl interactions (with characteristic distances between 3.5 and 5.0 Å) and by the occurrence of nanoscale segregation, despite the symmetric nature of the cation and similarly to other room temperature ionic liquids. A good agreement is found between the structure factor and pair correlation functions obtained from…
Byproduct production of minor metals: Threat or opportunity for the development of clean technologies? The PV sector as an illustration
2013
Abstract Today, the fight against global warming and the coming hydrocarbon exhaustion involve a drastic increase of clean energies. These technologies resort to many minor metals which are byproduct of major metals. We will take the definition of Hageluken and Mesker (2010, Complex Life Cycles of Precious and Special Metals. In: Edition Thomas E. Graedel, Ester van der Voet (Eds.), Strungmann Forum Report, Linkages of Sustainability, MIT Press) to show precisely what minor metals are: “[they are] metals that have relatively low production or usage, which occur in low ore concentrations, are regarded as rare, or are not traded at major public exchanges”. We will analyze the byproduct status…
Comparison of powering the microbial fuel cell with various kinds of wastewater
2019
The possibility to combine wastewater treatment and electricity production can accomplish a microbial fuel cell. Microbial fuel cells use glucose from wastewater as a fuel. In recent years, both production of municipal and industry wastewater increases very much. Municipal wastewater is directed to the wastewater treatment plant. While industry wastewater can be use as a fertilizer. But, both municipal and industry wastewater can be used in the microbial fuel cells. The comparison of powering the microbial fuel cell with municipal and process wastewater from yeast production is presented in this paper. The measurements covered comparison of changes in the concentration of COD in the reactor…
Green process innovation: Where we are and where we are going
2021
Environmental pollution has worsened in the past few decades, and increasing pressure is being put on firms by different regulatory bodies, customer groups, NGOs and other media outlets to adopt green process innovations (GPcIs), which include clean technologies and end-of-pipe solutions. Although considerable studies have been published on GPcI, the literature is disjointed, and as such, a comprehensive understanding of the issues, challenges and gaps is lacking. A systematic literature review (SLR) involving 80 relevant studies was conducted to extract seven themes: strategic response, organisational learning, institutional pressures, structural issues, outcomes, barriers and methodologic…
Microbial fuel cell with Cu-B cathode and KMnO4 catholyte
2017
The increasing of standard living causes the increases energy consumption and waste or wastewater production. The possibility to combine wastewater treatment and electricity production can accomplish a microbial fuel cell. The possibility of wastewater treatment using the Cu-B catalyst with KMnO4 catholyte for microbial fuel cells is presented in this paper. The measurements covered comparison of changes in the concentration of COD, NH4+ and NO3- in the reactor without aeration, with aeration and with using a microbial fuel cell (with Cu-B cathode and KMnO4 catholyte). The reduction time for COD with the use of microbial fuel cell with the Cu-B catalyst (and KMnO4 catholyte) is similar to t…